Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale, 1974
Parmotrema austrosinense is distinguished by the linear soralia, the lacking cilia, and the presence of lecanoric acid (medulla C+ red) and atranorin (cortex greenish gray, K+ yellow). The white variegated lower surface also seems to be a constant feature, agreeing with the literature.
Parmotrema defectum (Hale) Hale share the above presented features, but has an adnate to strongly appressed thallus, and lightly shorter conidia, 10–12 μm long (Krog & Swinscow 1981) [yet Swinscow & Krog (1988) gave a different size: 16–20 (24) μm long]. It is the sorediate counterpart of P. soyauxii (Müll. Arg.) Hale, while P. austrosinense is the counterpart of P. andinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale (Hale 1965, Swinscow & Krog 1988).
Two other similar sorediate species, P. cooperi (Steiner & Zahlbr.) Sérus. and P. sancti-angeli (Lynge) Hale, can be easily identified by the presence of marginal cilia (Hale 1965).
[Spielmann & Marcelli 2009]